Sound Recordist

Do you know how to record a good sound? It’s a very important part of music and it fields. Every part like a Voice, Guitar, Drum, Keyboard, Flute and other musical instrument is very important in overall a song or music track. I was a best sound recordist in my country (Nepal). I worked almost 13 years in that sound industry. I really know how to record good, better and best sound at all. Based on my experience, I have three pieces of advice on how to be a good sound recordist.

                                      First of all, always remember there are three kinds of microphone we used; one is Dynamic other is Condenser and last one is Ribbon. If you are going to record a singer’s voice for a song you should use Condenser mic.

Omnidirectional Antenna

In radio communication, an omnidirectional antenna is an antenna which radiates radio wave power uniformly in all directions in one plane, with the radiated power decreasing with elevation angle above or below the plane, dropping to zero on the antenna's axis. This radiation pattern is often described as "doughnut shaped". Note that this is different from an isotropic antenna, which radiates equal power in all directions and has a "spherical" radiation pattern. Omnidirectional antennas oriented vertically are widely used for nondirectional antennas on the surface of the Earth because they radiate equally in all horizontal directions, while the power radiated drops off with elevation angle so little radio energy is aimed into the sky or down toward the earth and wasted. Omnidirectional antennas are widely used for radio broadcasting antennas, and in mobile devices that use radio such as cell phones, FM radios, walkie-talkies, wireless computer networks, cordless phones, GPS as well as for base stations that communicate with mobile radios, such as police and taxi dispatchers and aircraft communications.                                                                                                                 

The radiation pattern of a simple omnidirectional antenna, a vertical

half-wave dipole antenna. In this graph the antenna is at the center of the "donut". Radial distance from the center represents the power radiated in that direction. The power radiated is maximum in horizontal directions, dropping to zero directly above and below the antenna.

                                       

जोताह किसानको राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनको उद्घाटन

आइतबारदेखि नेपालगञ्जमा सुरु भएको जोताह किसानको राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनको उद्घाटन गर्दै भूमि सुधार तथा व्यवस्था राज्यमन्त्री ज्वालाकुमारी शाह । तस्बिर : ओएनएस

चिनियाँ प्रधामन्त्रीको नेपाल भ्रमण छिट्टै हुने

        उपप्रधान एवं परराष्ट्रमन्त्री नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठले चिनियाँ प्रधानमन्त्री वेन जिआवाओको स्थगित नेपाल भ्रमण छिट्टै तय हुने बताएका छन् । चीन सरकारले कुटनीतिक माध्यमबाट भ्रमणको मिति तय गरिने जानकारी गराएकाले द्विपक्षीय समझदारीअनुसार छिट्टै सकारात्मक निर्णय हुने उनले बताए ।

व्यवस्थापिका संसदको अन्तराष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध र मानवअधिकार समितिको आज बसेको बैठकमा उनले कुटनीतिक संवेदनशीलतालाई ध्यानमा राखेर चिनियाँ प्रधानमन्त्रीको भ्रमणको नीति तय हुने बताउनुभएको हो । अन्य देशको नीतिको प्रभावमा परेर चिनियाँ प्रधानमन्त्रीको भ्रमण स्थगित नभएको दाबी गर्दै परराष्ट्रमन्त्रीले सरकारको कुटनीतिक कमजोरीले पनि स्थगित नभएको जीकिर गरे । प्रधानमन्त्री बाबुराम भर्ट्टराइले भ्रमणको प्रशंग कोट्याएपनि सरकारले चिनियाँ प्रधानमन्त्रीको मिति कहिल्यै सार्वजानिक नगरेकाले यसलाई कुटनीतिक विफलता भन्न नसकिने दाबी समेत गरे ।

आर्थिक सल्लाहकार परिषद्को बैठक बस्दै

सरकार मातहतको आर्थिक सल्लाहकार परिषदको बैठक आज बस्दैछ ।
बैठक मध्यान्हृ १२ बजेपछि प्रधानमन्त्रीको सरकारी निवास बालुवाटारमा बस्ने परिषदले जनाएको छ ।
परिषदका संयोजक रामेश्वर खनालले उच्च आर्थिक वृद्धिदर हासिल गर्न तत्काल र दीर्घकालीन योजनाको बारेमा छलफल गर्न लागिएको जानकारी दिए । ठूलो लगानी हुन नसक्ने अवस्थामा साना लगानीलाई कसरी आकषिर्त गर्न सकिन्छ भन्नेबारे कार्ययोजना बनाउन लागिएको खनालले जानकारी दिए ।

Sound Recording

Chapter 1

(Day 1)

What is sound?

कुनै माध्यममा कुनै वस्तु कम्पन भर्इ उत्पन्न हुने तर¨ हाम्रो सुन्ने शतिmले दिमागमा असर पु(याउ"छ वा कम्पन गराउ"छ भने त्यसलार्इ ध्वनी  (sound) भनिन्छ ।
What is frequency?

चक्रले एक सेकेन्डमा जति cycle  बनाउ"छ त्यहि नै  frequency हो ।
frequency लार्इ जाच्ने सुत्र:
frequency : c/sec (hz)



frequency लार्इ { hz (unit) मा नापिन्छ र Amplitude लार्इ voltage मा नापिन्छ ।

Radio magazine

Radio magazine, a radio broadcasting trade publication, covers the technology side of radio broadcasting. The publication's focus is to deliver in-depth technical expertise while observing high standards of editorial content. Radio magazine is targeted at radio broadcast engineers, technology managers and owners of radio stations, networks, and recording studios.
History
Radio magazine was first published in 1994 under the title BE Radio[citation needed]. It is, essentially, a spin-off of Broadcast Engineering magazine, which began publication in 1959
Prior to 1994, Broadcast Engineering (often known as "BE") covered radio, television, and cable broadcasting. In 1993, the editors of BE, recognizing a growing divergence in the technical issues faced by radio and television broadcasting, chose to split the scope of the original magazine. This resulted in the creation of BE Radio, to cover only the radio broadcasting industry, and narrowed the scope of Broadcast Engineering to television and cable broadcasting only.

As the readerships of the two magazines diverged, the "BE" initialism ceased to have relevance for BE Radio, and in 2001 the decision was made to drop the initials from the title, leading to the current (as of 2007[update]) title of Radio.

As of 2007[update] both magazines continued to be owned by the same publisher[who?] (though that publisher has changed several times).
External links
Radio Magazine". http://radiomagonline.com/. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
Broadcast Engineering". http://broadcastengineering.com. Retrieved 2007-05-06.

Tower FM



Tower FM is a British Independent Local Radio station which broadcasts across the towns of Bolton and Bury and parts of north Manchester from its studios in Wigan.



dadeldhura-district-headquarter-in-far-west-nepal-2



The radio station was given the name "Tower" as a local link to both towns in the station's coverage area; Turton Tower in Bolton and Peel Tower on Holcombe Hill at Ramsbottom near Bury.



Originally an RSL (restricted service licence) radio station, the team behind the project won the full time licence and the station began broadcasting on 20 March 1999.

As an RSL, Tower FM broadcast from Bury via a link to the transmitter on Peel Tower. The radio station only broadcast from Bolton once the main base was established on Gaskell Street, Bolton.
Since that time the station has changed ownership twice and is now owned by UTV Radio.

FM Antenna

A do-it-yourself project
The single most important thing that you can do to improve your reception of WRYR-LP is to use a good antenna.
It's easy to build a good antenna for listening to FM radio. The design given here can be built in under half an hour if you have the parts and it works better than products from Radio Shack and elsewhere that cost over $100. This antenna works much better than
most commercial powered or amplified units.

Omnidirectional antenna

An omnidirectional antenna is an antenna which radiates power uniformly in one plane, with the radiated power decreasing with elevation angle above or below the plane, dropping to zero on the antenna's axis. This radiation pattern is often described as "donut shaped". Omnidirectional antennas oriented vertically are widely used for nondirectional antennas on the surface of the Earth because they radiate equally in all horizontal directions, while the power radiated drops off with elevation angle so little radio energy is aimed into the sky or down toward the earth and wasted. Omnidirectional antennas are widely used for radio broadcasting antennas, and in mobile devices that use radio such as cell phones, FM radios, walkie-talkies, Wifi, cordless phones, GPS as well as for base stations that communicate with mobile radios, such as police and taxi dispatchers and aircraft communications.



Omnidirectional radiation pattern of a vertical dipole antenna. In this graph the antenna is at the center of the "donut". Radial distance from the center represents the power radiated in that direction. The power radiated is maximum in horizontal directions, dropping to zero directly above and below the antenna.

Satellite radio

Satellite radio is an analogue or digital radio signal that is relayed through one or more satellites and thus can be received in a much wider geographical area than terrestrial FM radio stations. While in Europe many primarily-FM radio stations provide an additional unencrypted satellite feed, there are also subscription based digital packages of numerous channels that do not broadcast terrestrially, notably in the US. In Europe, FM radio is used by many suppliers that use a network of several local FM repeaters to broadcast a single programme to a large area, usually a whole nation. Many of those have an additional satellite signal that can be heard in many parts of the continent. In contrast, US terrestrial stations are always local and each of them has a unique programme, albeit they are sometimes interconnected for syndicated contents; but each local station still carries its own commercial and news breaks even then.

Digital radio

Digital radio has several meanings.

1.Today the most common meaning is digital radio broadcasting technologies, such as the digital audio broadcasting (DAB) system, also known as Eureka 147. In these systems, the analog audio signal is digitized into zeros and ones, compressed using formats such as mp3, and transmitted using a digital modulation scheme. The aim is to increase the number of radio programs in a given spectrum, to improve the audio quality, to eliminate fading problems in mobile environments, to allow additional datacasting services, and to decrease the transmission power or the number of transmitters required to cover a region. However, analog radio programs and equipment, especially for the FM broadcasting system, still dominate the market. Digital radio broadcasting standards may provide terrestrial or satellite radio service. Digital radio broadcasting systems are typically designed for handheld mobile devices, just like mobile-TV systems, but as opposed to other digital TV systems which typically require a fixed directional antenna. Some digital radio systems provide in-band on-channel (IBOC) solutions that may coexist with or simulcast with analog AM or FM transmissions, while others are designed for designated radio frequency bands.

Sound recording



Digital recorder



Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical or mechanical inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. The two main classes of sound recording technology are analog recording and digital recording. Acoustic analog recording is achieved by a small microphone diaphragm that can detect changes in atmospheric pressure (acoustic sound waves) and record them as a graphic representation of the sound waves on a medium such as a phonograph (in which a stylus senses grooves on a record). In magnetic tape recording, the sound waves vibrate the microphone diaphragm and are converted into a varying electric current, which is then converted to a varying magnetic field by an electromagnet, which makes a representation of the sound as magnetized areas on a plastic tape with a magnetic coating on it. Analog sound reproduction is the reverse process, with a bigger loudspeaker diaphragm causing changes to atmospheric pressure to form acoustic sound waves. Electronically generated sound waves may also be recorded directly from devices such as an electric guitar pickup or a synthesizer, without the use of acoustics in the recording process other than the need for musicians to hear how well they are playing during recording sessions.

Sound quality

Sound quality is the quality of  the audio output from various electronic devices. Sound quality can be defined as the degree of accuracy with which a device records or emits the original sound waves. Sound quality is also the physical pleasure or fatigue experienced by a listener.


In a live setting the skill of the musicians, the tonal quality of their instruments, and the physical traits of the venue, determine sound quality.

In a playback setting, sound quality is characterized by the same traits as in a live setting but is also affected by the recording techniques and equipment used, from the microphones at the session, through the pressing at the record or compact disc factory, to the quality of electronics and speakers used to recreate the sound in a listener's home.

Radio Production

Facts about Audio Broadcasting and the Duties of a Radio Producer

Radio has no boundaries; any person with a radio has the potential to receive a signal, and thus a transmission. The idea of being able to reach so many people is an enticing prospect to anyone interested in the field of communications. As Robert McLeish states in his book Radio Production, radio is perhaps the most accessible form of media; people often tune into the radio while driving, while working around the house or yard, and even while exercising.

Not only does radio have the potential to reach many people, it also has the power to express emotion through the power of voice. McLeish points out that the ability to project audible emotion into one’s broadcast gives radio a certain advantage over print journalism.

Creative Writing Skills in radio

where to start? If you want to create great radio – it helps if you’re enjoying yourself at the same time. Therefore, it was important that the staff felt relaxed and enthusiastic about the task ahead of them. I wanted the team to experience the sheer fun of making radio. It shouldn’t be a chore. After all, we’re talking about entertainment. That’s not to say all commercials/spots should be whacky or humorous, but the process itself should certainly be an enjoyable one. It’s hard to be creative if you’re nervous and stressed out. In order to achieve this, the writers need to have a sense of freedom. Like any discipline you need an appreciation of the basics before your ideas can truly take flight. In other words… you’ve got to walk before you can run. In this posting I’ll discuss the training methods used to introduce the staff at Radio Ethiopia and the BBC WST to the basics of spot production.

Old time radio

With the birth of internet (in part), there has been a resurgence of interest in what is now called old-time radio (OTR) with surviving shows being traded and collected in reel-to-reel, cassette, CD, MP3 formats and internet download. Some of the most popular shows were Honest Harold, Amos and Andy, Burns and Allen, and Colgate Comedy classics. On Sunday, January 1, 1956 at 11PM, there were plans to broadcast the final Comedy Hour both on radio and television in New York. This was to be final show before format changed. The show planned to invite the three major teams in the world of comedy: Laurel and Hardy, Abbott and Costello, and Martin and Lewis for an hour (plus) special. 1956 was the last year all those teams were together. All three teams had a radio show of their own in the late 1940s and early 1950s

Career in Radio

What Kind of Education Do I Need for a Career in Radio?
If you’re thinking about a career in radio, you might be wondering what kind of education or schooling you need in order to get there. Perhaps you’ve even scoped out a few broadcasting schools to see if one of them is right for you. It’s enough to make you wonder how badly you really need that degree or certificate—and what your alternatives are.

There are several ways to go about this, but in general there are three paths of education you can take to prepare for a career in radio:

Radio DJ

Knowing what you should get out of radio school is an important part of the school-scouting process. It may seem obvious at first--you want to get a degree! You want to gain some knowledge! But in fact, there are many other factors to consider as well. Nobody has to tell you that the job market is tough out there. Although the relatively new world of satellite radio has expanded the market in many ways, it's still a hard industry to break into, and these days it's more competitive than ever. Radio school is one effective way to give yourself an edge over the competition. But you need to be smart about it and make sure you're getting all you can out of the experience. Below are some of the things to consider when checking out different programs:

Recording Studio

What You Can Learn In a Recording Studio
There are lots of audio engineers who have gone to school to learn about recording and engineering; however, there's also many individuals that have bypassed school and learned the trade by interning at a local recording studio, eventually picking up enough skills to work as being an audio engineer, or even open their very own studios. Here is simply several of what you can learn in a recording studio:
Technical skills. Although you may start as being an assistant or even a "gopher", by hanging out the devices and communicating with them, you're going to be surprised at what you can know about it. Most engineers regards as you take an interest in their work, and so are more than willing to pass of what they've known. This type of mentoring is the greatest approach to learn. Along the way, you can learn not only how to run the devices, but also things like microphone placement, ways to improve acoustics, and much more.